USDA-AGRICULTURAL AIR
QUALTY TASK FORCE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON
CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS (CAFO)
--Report of Activities & Progress—
January
16-17, 2002
Action Plan
Elements:
- Apprise the AAQTF of current CAFO
air quality issues and developments:
- Compile/distribute
state/federal policy information
- Scientific
conferences, proceedings, publications, research developments
- Develop
specific objectives appropriate to needs, priorities, etc.
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A. Recent Accomplishments:
- Made
ad hoc distribution of selected materials to subcommittee and/or AAQTF
members and Designated Federal Official (DFO) throughout year. Included
conference announcements, new technology, policy developments, etc.
- Secured
participation of DFO (Sauerhaft) and representation of AAQTF (Sweeten) in
Washington DC briefing of USDA & CAFO industry regarding analysis and
recommendations concerning proposed new CAFO Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, including air quality considerations; National Center for
Manure and Animal Waste Management, Dec. 11, 2001 (a14-state consortium
of universities, USDA Fund for Rural America project)
- Participated
as speaker in National Conference on Animal Waste Management, NCSU,
Raleigh-Durham, NC. Presented paper, “ Odor Mitigation for CAFOs: White
Paper & Recommendations”, Sweeten et al., Oct., 2001. Other white
papers presented included: “Ammonia Emissions from Animal Feeding
Operations”, Arogo, Westerman, Heber, Robarge, Classen.
- ASAE
International Annual Meeting, Sacramento CA—speakers included Parnell and
Buser, Re: gross inaccuracy of PM2.5 measurements for agricultural emissions, Jul
2001.
- American
Society of Agronomy/Crop Science Society of America/Soil Science Society
of America Annual Meeting, Charlotte NC—
i.
“Ammonia Emissions from CAFOs”, Sweeten et al., Oct. 2001.
ii.
“Atmospheric Ammonia/Ammonium Concentrations in Eastern North
Carolina”, Robarge et al., Oct. 2001.
B. New Developments & Focus
Items:
·
Respond to EPA’s forthcoming new draft and/or final
CAFO rules and effluent limitations guidelines to be promulgated by December
15, 2002; specifically, the air quality-related provisions of said rule will be
monitored, interpreted and made available to AAQTF members and users.
·
Promote/encourage submittal of technical papers and
sessions on technology/issues being addressed by the AAQTF for forthcoming
scientific conferences, including:
o
Third
International Conference on Air Pollution from Agricultural Operations; ASAE
conference to be held Oct. 11-14, 2003, Raleigh N C. (proposal due date May 15,
2002);
o
American Meteorological Society (Agriculture and Forest
Meteorology Meeting), 2003.
·
Promote/encourage participation in professional
scientific meetings in 2002 involving agricultural air quality, including: ASAE/CIGR International Annual Meeting,
Chicago, July, 2002; Air & Waste Management Association, Baltimore, June
23-25, 2002; etc.
·
Review state standards for air quality constituents
outside of NAAQS-regulated compounds (e.g. H2S, NH3, odor, VOC, etc.).
- Critically review the current
knowledge-base relating to CAFOs and air quality:
- Assess
research/extension/tech transfer programs & funding needs
- Review/comment
on emission factor development
- Recommend
alternative emission factors
- Coordinate
with AAQTF Emissions Factors Subcommittee
- Respond
to emerging issues
- Track
NAS Study of CAFO emissions.
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A. Recent Accomplishments:
- Continued
public e-distribution of 2000 AAQTF report, “Air Quality Research &
Technology Transfer White Paper & Recommendations for Concentrated
Animal Feeding Operations”, USDA-AAQTF and USDA-NRCS, Washington, D.C.
July 19. 123 p. (Recommendations
for CAFOs).
- Served
as authors, co-authors or peer reviewers of White Papers on air quality
developed by the National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management
(14-state consortium), North Carolina State University, Oct. 2001. Titles
included:
i.
Sweeten, Jacobson, Heber, et al. “Odor Mitigation for
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: White Paper & Recommendations” (54 p); Parnell, peer reviewer.
ii.
Auvermann, Bottcher, Heber, Meyer, Parnell, Shaw, Worley.
“Particulate Matter Emissions for Animal Feeding Operations: Management and
Control Measures”, (40 p.);
iii.
Arogo, Westerman, Heber, Robarge, Classen. “Ammonia emissions
from Animal Feeding Operations.” (Sweeten, peer reviewer)
Other air-quality
related titles in the series included:
iv.
Jacobson, et al. “Site Selection of Animal Operations Using
Air Quality Criteria”.
v.
Bicudo, et al. Air Quality & Emissions from Livestock
& Poultry Production/Waste Management Systems”.
vi.
Schiffman, Auvermann, Bottcher. “Health Effects of Aerial
Emissions from Animal Production & Waste Management Systems”.
B. New Developments & Focus
Items:
- Develop
an expert group on modeling dispersion from distributed ground-level area
sources (GLAS); include stability, topographic effects, physical
properties, etc.
- Review
data outputs from the AAQTF Emissions Factors Subcommittee and jointly
recommend research priorities to AAQTF Research Committee and other groups
or agencies (USDA-CSREES & USDA-ARS) to fill obvious gaps.
- Promote the activities of the AAQTF
with regard to CAFOs and air quality:
- Review
new or proposed state/federal policies
- Promote
interaction between USDA & EPA
- Encourage
multimedia approach to programs/policies
- Ensure
joint policies for air and water quality technologies, as appropriate
- Solicit
additional targeted funding levels, USDA & EPA.
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A. Recent Accomplishments:
- AAQTF
representatives (Sweeten & Sauerhaft) participated in briefings for
USDA and EPA officials in Washington, D.C. of the National Center for
Manure and Animal Waste Management concerning the OW’s proposed new CAFO
rules and effluent limitations guidelines. Presentation briefs included handling of Air Quality
aspects, including rationale, technology, and alternatives and Notice of
Data Availability. (Dec. 11-12, 2001).
- Obtained
new funding for USDA-CSREES Special Research Projects including:
i.
Texas ($640,000) for cattle feedlot and dairy emissions
(includes: WTAMU, TAMU, USDA-ARS, & KSU); and
ii.
California ($400,000) for dairy emissions (UC-Davis &
TAMU).
- USDA-CSREES
IFAFS grants (FTY01) dealing with air quality have been funded—includes:
i.
University of Minnesota,
$ 2.17 million to 6-state consortium. UMN, UIL, Purdue, ISU, NCSU,
TAMU. Emissions from swine confinement
buildings.
ii.
Texas A & M University, TAES-Amarillo—Feedlot nutrition
management. ~$ 80,000 of $ 300,000 grant for ammonia emissions control.
·
USDA-ARS, Bushland TX—Section 224 funding (~$1,000,000
FY01), feedlot nutrition, including (<$ 100,000) for development of ration
controls to effect reduced ammonia emissions.
B. New Developments & Focus
Items:
·
Implementation of NC Attorney General/Smithfield Foods
Agreement includes AAQTF members serving in these capacities to develop
environmentally superior technologies, via NCSU Animal & Poultry Waste
management Center:
o
Technology Review Panel—J. M. Sweeten
o
Technology evaluation-V. Aneja, PI and Program
Scientist–Project OPEN (Odor, Pathogens, and Emissions of Nitrogen). Also
involves W. Robarge and others.
·
Implementation of MO Attorney General/Premium Standard
Farms Agreement—includes AAQTF member (Sweeten) serving on Technology Review
Team.
·
Continue to review and interpret the EPA/Office of
Water’s 2002 Effluent Limitations Guidelines vis a vis air quality provisions,
as appropriate.
- Enhance outreach activities of
AAQTF with regard to CAFOs and air quality:
- Cost-effective
abatement measures
- Funding
needs
- Support
national groups in identifying R&D/tech transfer needs/opportunities.
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A. Recent Accomplishments:
- AAQTF
members were active in helping develop guidelines and proposal for the
National Academy of Sciences study of air emissions from CAFOs.
- Three
(3) AAQTF members (Flocchini, Robarge, Parnell) were appointed to NAS
Panel, ”Air Emissions from Livestock Feeding Operations”.
- AAQTF
member Dr. Tommy Coleman served as Panel Chair for the USDA-ARS National
Air Quality Program (NP 203) Review, December 4-5, 2001, Beltsville, MD.
- Presentations
included: “Science Behind Air
Quality”, J.M. Sweeten, at National Pork Board’s Environmental Symposium,
Kansas City, MO, Nov. 13-14, 2001.
B. New Developments & Focus
Items:
- Assist
and support the work of the NAS panel by providing documents and data
sources to the panel members and supporting staff. e.g.
- Obtained
approval for National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management white
paper series (air quality related), approved to sent on e-mail to NAS
panel staff, January 16, 2002.
- Emissions
factor research data as available.
- Assist
the USDA-CSREES Fund for Rural America’s National Center for Manure and
Animal Waste Management as well as other funding sources in targeting
research programs/projects; and encourage and facilitate broad peer review
of air-quality white papers there from.